Margaret Bonds, a Black woman composer and pianist, studied at Northwestern University in Chicago during the 1930s—a period marked by severe racial discrimination and oppression in the United States. Set to texts by poet-activist Langston Hughes, Three Dream Portraits reflects Bonds’s engagement with African American identity and her hope for a better future. Maurice Ravel’s Chansons Madécasses (Madagascar Songs) sets to music evocative texts by Évariste de Parny, a French poet who imagined the voices of indigenous Madagascar people. The songs explore resistance to colonial oppression—a poignant reflection on cultural identity and political struggle. Meanwhile, in 1930s Germany, Kurt Weill and Hanns Eisler composed a wide range of protest songs—both satirical and uplifting—in response to the rise of fascism, aiming to inspire resistance against growing oppression. In 1941, Olivier Messiaen wrote his legendary Quartet for the End of Time while imprisoned as a prisoner of war in Görlitz. This masterpiece embodies human endurance and spiritual triumph amid the darkest adversity, blending mystical symbolism with groundbreaking musical innovation.